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当今世界的经济格局与以往相比,已经发生了很大的变化。欧洲、日本以及新兴工业国的经济实力和影响正在不断加强,但是美国仍在全球经济舞台上扮演着不容忽视的角色。目前世界上存在的主要经济问题几乎都与美国有关:西方工业国担心它们的货币如果对美元进一步贬值,就可能加剧国内正在爬升的通货膨胀;不发达国家担心美元利率进一步攀升会增加它们的债务负担;与美国有相当顺差的国家则在担心美国是否会采取更加严厉的保护主义措施。因此,分析美国经济的走势,不仅可以从中推导出世界经济兴衰的总体脉胳,而且可以使我们了解中国紧缩政策所处的国际环境,有利于我们正确把握短期政策与长远发展的相互关系。
The economic landscape in the world today has changed a lot compared with the past. The economic strength and influence of Europe, Japan and the newly industrialized nations are constantly on the rise. However, the United States still plays an important role in the global economic arena. Almost all of the major economic problems in the world today are related to the United States: Western industrial nations fear that their currencies could further aggravate the country’s rising inflation if the currency devalues further; the underdeveloped countries worry that a further rise in the U.S. interest rate will increase their debt burden While those countries that have considerable surpluses with the United States are concerned about whether the United States will adopt tougher protectionist measures. Therefore, analyzing the trend of the U.S. economy can not only derive the general vein of world economic rise and decline, but also help us understand the international environment in which China’s austerity policy is and help us to correctly grasp the interrelationship between short-term policies and long-term development.