蘇聯共產黨第十九次代表大會規定的蘇聯學校對年青一代教育和教學的重大任務,以及蘇聯共產黨中央委員會最近幾次全會通過的關於提高蘇聯農業的辦法的各項决議,都要求徹底地改善國民教育機關對學校的領導工作。 現在,有組織地領導國民教育事業的問題,是比任何一個時候都更為迫切、更為重要的問題。共產黨和蘇聯政府一向堅持執行國家機關工作的列寧主義原則。最近,黨和政府特別注意國家機關工作的改進,使其能夠切實有效地、協調一致地進行工作,加强和地方的聯繫,堅决克服官僚主義和拖拉現象。 從上述任務看來,我們必須以批判的態度來評價國民教育機關的工作,揭發其缺點,查明產生缺點的原因,並指出改進領導學校工作的途徑。 過去幾年中,俄羅斯蘇維埃聯邦社會主義共和國教育部和地方教育機關,在執行黨和政府的决議方面曾進行了很多重大的工作。在俄羅斯聯邦共和國,正和其他的加盟共和國一樣,實现了七年普及教育,其中有些大城市已在這一個五年計劃期間向十年的普及教育過渡。在這一方面,俄羅斯蘇維埃聯邦社會主義共和國教育部和各級教育機關確實進行了很多出色的工作。目前,有許多教育機關和自治共和國教育部,都在領導學校的教學與教育工作方面進行着巨大的、內容豐富的工作。例如,列寧格勒市教育局對某些科目內容和教學法問題的認真研究,斯維爾德洛夫省教育廳對綜合技術教育的特别重視,高爾基省教育廳和斯摩稜斯克省教育廳對改進農村學校教學方面所進行的許多出色的工作。列寧格勒省教育廳在暑假期間組織學生從事集體農莊農業生產的經驗,毫無疑問,這種經驗是非常有益的。高爾基市許多學校在組織兒童集體和培養學生自覺紀律方面有不少的成績。莫斯科省教育廳和莫斯科市教育局對教師和學校領導幹部進行了生動的、内容豐富的工作,而平茲省及其 The major tasks of the Soviet school for the education and teaching of the younger generation as stipulated by the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the resolutions adopted by the Central Parliamentary Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on the measures for raising the Soviet Union’s agriculture all require a radical improvement National Education Authority of the leadership of the school. At present, the issue of organically leading the cause of national education is more pressing and of more importance than ever before. The Communist Party and the Soviet government have always insisted on the principle of Leninism in the work of state organs. Recently, the party and government have paid special attention to the improvement of the work of state organs so that they can work effectively and in a coordinated manner, strengthen their ties with the localities and resolutely overcome bureaucracy and procrastination. From the above tasks, we must critically assess the work of the national educational institutions, expose their shortcomings, identify the causes of the shortcomings and point out the ways to improve the work of leading schools. In the past few years, the Ministry of Education and the local educational authorities of the Russian Federation of Soviet Socialist Republics have carried out many important tasks in implementing the resolutions of the party and the government. In the Federal Republic of Russia, like other other republics, seven-year universal education is being implemented, some of which have already transitioned to a decade of universal education during this five-year plan. In this regard, the Russian Ministry of Education and the educational authorities at all levels of the Federal Socialist Republic of Russia did a really great job. At present, there are many educational institutions and the Ministry of Education of the Autonomous Republic which carry out tremendous and informative work in leading the teaching and education of schools. For example, the Leningrad City Board of Education seriously studies certain subjects and pedagogical issues, the Svartrov’s Department of Education pays particular attention to integrated technical education, the Gorky Department of Education and the Smolensk Province Department of Education Much good work has been done to improve teaching in rural schools. The Leningrad Provincial Department of Education organizes students’ experience in agricultural production of collective farms during the summer holidays and there is no doubt that such experience is very beneficial. Many schools in Gorky have many achievements in organizing children’s collectives and developing students’ self-discipline. The Moscow Department of Education and the Moscow City Board of Education conducted a vivid and informative job of teachers and school leaders, while Binz Province and its