报告48例胃肠道平滑肌瘤并发消化道出血的诊断和治疗。发生出血时无明显腹部症状，出血为周期性发作，有间歇期。均行外科手术治疗，6例行急诊手术。32例术前多次住院，反复检查。术前明确诊断为平滑肌瘤或腹块者35例，另13例入院后经剖腹探查明确诊断并获得治疗。外科手术是治疗消化道平滑肌瘤出血的唯一有效的手段，由于其中平滑肌肉瘤占2／3，要求手术时尽可能作大块切除术，以防术后复发。 Reported diagnosis and treatment of 48 cases of gastrointestinal leiomyoma complicated with gastrointestinal bleeding. There was no obvious abdominal symptoms when bleeding occurred. The bleeding was periodic and there was an intermittent period. All patients underwent surgical treatment and 6 patients underwent emergency surgery. 32 patients were hospitalized multiple times before surgery and repeated examinations. Thirty-five patients with a diagnosis of leiomyoma or abdominal mass were confirmed preoperatively. Another 13 patients were diagnosed and treated by laparotomy after admission. Surgical operation is the only effective method to treat hemorrhage of digestive tract leiomyoma. Because leiomyosarcoma accounts for two-thirds, it is required to perform large resection as much as possible to prevent postoperative recurrence.