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本文利用1990—2010年“中国妇女社会地位调查”数据,分析了经济领域性别差距的变化趋势及市场化的影响。研究发现,二十年来中国经济参与度指数以2000年为拐点,经历了先提高后降低的倒U型动态变化,经济领域性别差距总体缩小了0.90个百分点。在控制其他因素条件下,市场化可显著扩大经济领域性别差距,而提高女性平均受教育年限及其在机关事业单位就业比例,可显著缩小经济领域性别差距。建议国家继续加大对高等教育的投入力度、促进机关事业单位女性职业发展、加强劳动力市场监管,为女性平等参与经济发展、缩小性别差距创造良好的社会环境。
Based on the 1990-2010 survey on the social status of Chinese women, this paper analyzes the changing trend of the gender gap in the economic field and the impact of marketization. The study found that over the past 20 years, China’s economic participation index has taken the turning point of 2000 as the turning point, and underwent the first U-shaped dynamic change that increased and then decreased. The overall gender gap in the economic field narrowed by 0.90 percentage points. Under the control of other factors, marketization can significantly widen the gender gap in the economy. However, raising the average age of women educated and their employment in public institutions and public institutions can significantly reduce the gender gap in the economy. It is suggested that the state continue to increase its investment in higher education, promote the career development of women and staff in institutions and public institutions, strengthen the supervision of the labor market, and create a good social environment for women to participate in economic development on equal terms and reduce the gender gap.