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目的了解黔南地区学龄前儿童生长发育状况,为进一步改善学龄前儿童生长发育水平提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,选取黔南地区城区6所幼儿园3~6岁儿童共1140名,测量身高、体重。采用世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐使用的参考标准,对儿童体格发育进行评价;采用Z评分方法进行营养状况评价。结果3~6岁男女童各年龄组的身高、体重均值低于全国9市城区儿童;各年龄组民族性别之间身高、体重比较,差异有统计学意义。儿童低体重率为0.53%,生长迟缓率为2.98%,消瘦率为1.40%,超重率为24.21%,肥胖率为10.18%。男童肥胖率(9.84%)略低于女童(10.59%);汉族儿童肥胖率(11.07%)高于布依族(5.07%),低于苗族(14.47%)。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析,父母文化程度、独生子女和婴儿时期喂养方式是低体重、生长迟缓和消瘦的主要影响因素,父母文化程度、分娩方式和家庭经济状况是肥胖的主要影响因素。结论黔南地区学龄前儿童的生长发育状况令人担忧。应及时采取干预措施,提高儿童生长发育水平。
Objective To understand the growth and development status of preschool children in southern Guizhou and provide a scientific basis for further improving the growth and development of preschool children. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1140 children from 3 to 6 years old from 6 kindergartens in urban area of Qiannan Prefecture to measure height and weight. Children’s physical development was evaluated using the reference standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), and the nutritional status was evaluated using the Z-score method. Results The average height and weight of boys and girls aged 3 ~ 6 years were lower than that of urban children in 9 cities in China. There was significant difference in height and weight among ethnic groups in all age groups. The rate of low birth weight was 0.53%, growth retardation rate was 2.98%, weight loss rate was 1.40%, overweight rate was 24.21% and obesity rate was 10.18%. The obesity rate of boys was slightly lower than that of girls (9.84%) (10.59%). The obesity rate of Han children (11.07%) was higher than that of Buyi people (5.07%) and lower than that of Miao people (14.47%). Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis, parental education, only-child and infant feeding patterns were the main influencing factors of low birth weight, growth retardation and weight loss. Parental education, mode of delivery and family economic status were the main influencing factors of obesity. Conclusion The growth and development status of preschool children in Qiannan area is worrying. Timely interventions should be taken to improve the growth and development of children.