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要讨论中国文学的海外传播,必然涉及汉学家所作的努力。这是一个主动的、自觉的接受过程,没有外力的影响。中国诗歌的英译即是一个极好的例子。汉学家出于对中国文学的偏爱,择取其中的精华——诗歌——进行研究和翻译,且持续不断,最终使得中国诗歌成为西方学术界的研究经典,并赢得了大量普通读者。本文以20世纪成绩卓著的三位英美汉学家韦利、庞德、华兹生为例,考察他们英译汉诗的传播历程,并通过分析其译文特点,尝试解释产生影响的关键因素。具体做法是勾勒他们的译文融入各类英美文学选集和《诺顿世界文学选集》的轨迹,以此观察汉诗英译产生影响的路径:通过期刊转载,进入各类只收英美文学精品的选集,入选读者众多、作为大学教材的《诺顿世界文学选集》,被本土诗人模仿以及获奖等。如此,借助汉学家优秀英译的持续发展,中国诗歌一步步走向西方的学术界和广大读者,最终沉积为经典。
To discuss the overseas dissemination of Chinese literature, it is bound to involve the efforts of sinologists. This is a voluntary, consciously accepted process, without external influence. The English translation of Chinese poetry is an excellent example. Sinologists, out of their preference for Chinese literature, choose one of the quintessential poems - to conduct research and translation, and continue to make Chinese poetry a classic of Western academia and win a large number of ordinary readers. Taking the three British and American sinologists Wei Li, Pound and Waltz, who have achieved great success in the 20th century, as an example, this paper examines the spread of their translations into English and Chinese poems and attempts to explain the key factors influencing them by analyzing the characteristics of their translations. The specific approach is to outline their translations into various Anglo-American literature anthologies and Norton World Literature Anthology, in order to observe the impact of English translation of Chinese poetry on the path: through journals reprinted into all kinds of collection of British and American literary works, A large selection of readers, as university textbooks “Norton Collection of World Literature,” imitated by local poets and award-winning. In this way, with the continuous development of the outstanding English translation of Sinologists, Chinese poetry has gradually gone to the Western academic circles and the vast readership and finally deposited as a classic.