教学是一个特殊的认知过程,在这个过程中,学生获取的书本知识可以由教师讲授来完成,也可以由教师引导学生自己阅读教材等实践活动来完成,但两种完成方式的效果是迥然不同的。前者,显然是以教师的认知结果代替学生的认识过程,学生只能被动地得到教师给予的结论。而后者,则是把学生置于认识的主体地位,使他 Teaching is a special cognitive process. In this process, the book knowledge acquired by the students can be completed by teachers, or can be completed by teachers to guide students to read textbooks and other practical activities. However, the effect of the two methods of completion is pessimistic. different. The former, obviously, replaces the student’s cognitive process with the teacher’s cognitive results. Students can only passively receive the conclusions given by the teacher. The latter, in turn, put the students in the main position of understanding and made him