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[背景]颗粒物(PM)与人类健康之间的关联随着季节变化而不同,这种现象可能与颗粒物的成分以及毒性相关的季节性交互作用有关。[目的]检测PM成分的季节性变化,并使用多个PM样本评估PM的体外促炎症可能性。[方法]以5个污染源不同的城市地区为采集地点,每周采集样本,在多雨温暖季节和干燥寒冷季节累积采集90份PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)样本。对其中检测到的元素、多环芳烃(PAHs)和内毒素进行主成分分析(PCA)。在人单核细胞(THP-1)中检测PM诱导肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)和白介素6(IL-6)分泌的可能性,并用组分评分建立促炎症反应的模型。[结果]PM的成分随其大小和季节而变化。PCA确定了PM中两种随季节变化的主要组分。燃烧相关的成分(如钒、苯并(a)芘、苯并(a)蒽)组成组分1(C_1),土壤相关的成分(如内毒素、硅、铝)组成组分2(C_2)。多雨温暖季节采集的PM中C_2含量较高,而干燥寒冷季节采集的PM(尤其是PM_(2.5))中C_1含量较高。细胞因子生成水平与PM_(10)和C_2(多雨温暖季节)正相关,但与PM_(2.5)和C_1(干燥寒冷季节)负相关。C_2含量较高的PM暴露水平越高,TNFα分泌越多;样本含有≥0.1%的C_1相关PAHs时,无论样本中C_2含量高低,暴露于该样本后TNFα对PM的反应性分泌都会降低。IL-6检测结果提示PM成分和颗粒大小之间存在复杂的交互作用。[结论]TNFα分泌具有季节性并与PM大小相关,PM中的土壤含量及PAH含量的变化是其根本原因。这些结果提示,流行病学研究中一些健康结局与PM之间关联的季节性差异能用PM组分的混合物来解释。
[Background] The correlation between particulate matter (PM) and human health varies with the seasons, and this phenomenon may be related to the seasonal interactions associated with particulate matter and toxicity. [Objectives] To detect seasonal changes in PM composition and to evaluate PM in vitro proinflammatory potential using multiple PM samples. [Method] With five cities with different pollution sources as the sampling sites, samples were taken weekly and 90 PM10 and PM2.5 samples were collected during the rainy and dry seasons. The detected elements, PAHs and endotoxins were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). The possibility of PM-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) was examined in human mononuclear cells (THP-1) and the model score was used to establish a model of proinflammatory response. [Result] The composition of PM varied with its size and season. The PCA identified two main seasonal components of PM. Combustion-related components such as vanadium, benzo (a) pyrene and benzo (a) anthracene constitute component 1 (C 1), soil-related components such as endotoxin, silicon and aluminum constitute component 2 (C 2) . The C_2 content in PM collected in the rainy and warm seasons was higher than that in the PM collected in the dry and cold seasons (especially in PM 2.5). Cytokine production was positively correlated with PM 10 and C 2 (rainy and warm season) but negatively correlated with PM 2.5 and C 1 (dry and cold season). When the sample contains ≥0.1% of C_1 -associated PAHs, the higher level of C_2, the higher the level of PM exposure, the more the level of TNFα is secreted. IL-6 test results suggest a complex interaction between PM composition and particle size. [Conclusion] The secretion of TNFα was seasonal and correlated with the size of PM. The change of soil PM content and PAH content was the fundamental reason. These results suggest that seasonal differences in the association of some health outcomes with PM in epidemiological studies can be explained by a mixture of PM components.