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1 医院内感染(Hospital infection)即凡是住院病人和医院职工因在医院期间遭感染而引起的任何显示状的疾病,不管受害对象在医院期间是否出现症状,均应称为医院内感染。医院内感染的发生率根据国内外报道一般为3～18％。北京某大医院调查3年内住院死亡者423例发生院内感染的有168例,占死亡病人总数的39.72％。美国“Hospital infections”报道1985年美国由于医院内感染而多费金额近40亿美元;我国估计每年损失亦在10亿人民币以上。近年来国内外对医院感染的研究取得了不少进展,主要是:
1 Hospital infection is any disease that is caused by hospitalized patients and hospital staff who are infected during the hospital. Regardless of whether the affected person has symptoms during the hospital, it should be called an intra-hospital infection. The incidence of nosocomial infections is generally 3-18% according to domestic and international reports. In a large hospital in Beijing, there were 168 cases of in-hospital infections in 423 patients who were hospitalized within 3 years, accounting for 39.72% of the total number of deaths. The United States “Hospital infections” reported that in the United States in 1985, the amount of extra charges due to nosocomial infection was nearly 4 billion U.S. dollars; China’s estimated annual loss was also more than 1 billion U.S. dollars. In recent years, there have been many advances in research on nosocomial infections at home and abroad.