目的:分析听力筛查未通过的新生儿听力损失的高危因素。方法:对43 568例新生儿出生后3～5天用耳声发射仪进行初筛,初筛未通过者在出生后42天内进行复筛,复筛未通过者在出生后3月内用脑干听觉诱发电位仪、声导抗、诊断型耳声发射进行听力障碍的诊断。结果:43 568例新生儿复筛未通过者802例,进行初次诊断者660例,占全部听力筛查儿的1.51%,其中256人出现不同程度的听力损失(含分泌性中耳炎导致的传导性听力损失),重度聋在听力筛查儿中的发生率为1.45‰。分泌性中耳炎发生率在听力损失组与听力正常组差异有统计学意义(χ2检验,P<0.01)。1∶1配对的病例对照多因素分析显示听力损失家族史是听力损失的独立危险因素。结论:听力筛查未通过的新生儿中,约一半听力损失伴有分泌性中耳炎,听力损失家族史是新生儿听力损失高危因素,应加强妇幼保健宣传教育,针对迟发性听力损失,应重视随访。 OBJECTIVE: To analyze the risk factors of hearing loss in newborn infants who did not pass hearing screening. Methods: 43 568 newborns were initially sowed with otoacoustic transmitters 3 to 5 days after birth, and those who failed to pass the screening were re-screened within 42 days after birth. Those who failed to pass the screening were treated with brain at 3 months after birth Dry auditory evoked potentiometer, acoustic impedance, diagnostic otoacoustic emissions for the diagnosis of hearing impairment. Results: There were 802 out of 43 568 neonates who did not pass the screening, 660 were diagnosed for the first time, accounting for 1.51% of all hearing screening children, of whom 256 had varying degrees of hearing loss (including conductivity caused by secretory otitis media Hearing loss), severe hearing loss in children with hearing screening in the incidence of 1.45 ‰. The incidence of secretory otitis media in hearing loss group and normal hearing group differences were statistically significant (χ2 test, P <0.01). 1: 1 paired case-control multivariate analysis showed that family history of hearing loss was an independent risk factor for hearing loss. Conclusions: About half of hearing loss in newborns with hearing loss is associated with secretory otitis media. Family history of hearing loss is a high risk factor for hearing loss in newborn. Health education should be strengthened to prevent delayed hearing loss. Follow-up.