目的探讨胸部创伤后肺不张的原因和治疗措施。方法回顾性总结62例胸部创伤后肺不张病例,分析肺不张形成原因及多种治疗方法。结果全组62例病例,合并肺挫伤38例(61.3%),肋骨骨折27例(43.5%),血气胸12例(19.4%)。全组采用保守治疗39例(62.9%),手术治疗23例(37.1%),治愈60例(96.8%),好转1例(1.6%),死亡1例(1.6%)。结论胸部创伤后肺不张常具有迟发性、隐蔽性特征,早期预防、早期诊断、及时治疗是肺不张顺利治愈的关键。 Objective To investigate the causes and treatment of atelectasis after chest trauma. Methods A total of 62 cases of atelectasis after thoracic trauma were retrospectively reviewed. The causes of atelectasis and various treatment methods were analyzed. Results The whole group consisted of 62 cases with pulmonary contusion in 38 cases (61.3%), rib fractures in 27 cases (43.5%) and pneumothorax in 12 cases (19.4%). In the whole group, 39 cases (62.9%) were treated conservatively, 23 cases (37.1%) were treated surgically, 60 cases (96.8%) were cured, 1 case improved (1.6%) and 1 died (1.6%). Conclusions Post-traumatic atelectasis often has delayed and hidden features. Early prevention, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are the keys to smooth atelectasis.