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近年来，随着多种新药的应用，多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者的预后得到显著改善，生存期明显延长，但几乎所有的患者最终仍会复发。而微小残留病（MRD）的持续存在被认为是疾病复发的根源。因此，对MM患者进行MRD检测具有重要的临床意义，将有助于MM的疗效评价、加速临床试验、动态危险分层，进一步指导治疗策略，然而目前尚无统一的检测方法和评价标准。文章将对不同MRD检测技术的优缺点及在MM中的临床应用和未来发展方向进行综述。“,”In recent years, with the application of a variety of new drugs, the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has been significantly improved, and the survival time has been significantly prolonged, but almost patients will relapse eventually. The persistent existence of minimal residual disease (MRD) is considered to be the root cause of disease recurrence. Therefore, the detection of MRD in MM patients is of great clinical significance, which would contribute to evaluate the efficacy of MM, accelerate clinical trials, dynamic risk stratification, and further guide the treatment strategy. However, until now, there are no standard method and evaluation criteria of MRD detection. This review focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of different methods,clinical applications and future development direction of MRD detection in MM.