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目的研究犬类狂犬病病毒的携带状况及变异,为正确有效控制狂犬病疫情提供依据。方法根据狂犬病疫情分布,用分层采样法,采集相关地区犬脑51只,用免疫荧光法、夹心酶联吸附法、小鼠颅内接种试验法及RT-PCR进行检测。分离狂犬病病毒并进行N基因测序。结果在流浪犬只中发现狂犬病毒株(命名CXs)。流浪犬带毒率7.69%,CXs与疫苗株和固定毒株的NJ进化树比较,发现与WZO(H)株100%同源,与狂犬病毒固定毒株相比更接近CTN株(该地区使用的疫苗株)。结论当前使用的狂犬疫苗用于预防狂犬病是可靠的。经狂犬病流行特征和暴露后免疫预防处理分析,加强犬只的管理、免疫,暴露后采用规范清创,正确使用狂犬疫苗,合理使用狂犬免疫球蛋白(或血清)仍是当前防治狂犬病需遵循的原则。
Objective To study the carrier status and variation of canine rabies virus and provide the basis for the correct and effective control of rabies epidemic. Methods According to the distribution of rabies epidemics, 51 dogs were collected from the related canines by stratified sampling method. The immunofluorescence, sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), intracranial inoculation test and RT-PCR were used to detect rabies. Rabies virus was isolated and N gene sequencing was performed. Results Rabies virus strains (named CXs) were found in stray dogs. Stray dogs carry a rate of 7.69%, and CXs are 100% homologous to the WZO (H) strain compared to the NJ phylogenetic tree of the vaccine strain and the fixed strain, closer to the CTN strain than the rabies virus-immobilized strain Vaccine strain). Conclusions The rabies vaccine currently used is reliable for preventing rabies. After rabies epidemic characteristics and post-exposure immunoprophylaxis analysis, strengthening the management and immunization of dogs, standard debridement and correct use of rabies vaccine after exposure, rational use of rabies immunoglobulin (or serum) is still to be followed in the current prevention and treatment of rabies in principle.