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自2014年东北地区大豆目标价格制度改革以来,我国大豆市场价格已逐步回归市场供求调节,市场价格机制作用正得到有效发挥,加工企业经营效益和行业景气度明显回升,试点工作取得了初步成效;但从短期来看,价格政策调整仍难以有效激发国内大豆市场活力和抵御进口冲击,大豆种植收益下降对农户种植积极性产生了负面影响,进一步加剧了种植结构失衡,出现了供给结构性过剩和短缺共存的尴尬局面,也为此付出了巨大的经济和生态环境代价。事实证明,当前大豆目标价格政策实施方案在实践过程中仍有进一步改革和完善空间。本文主要在基于对当前东北地区大豆目标价格试点情况及国外经验分析基础上,针对政策实践中存在的不足和政策风险,提出了下一步深化我国粮食目标价格制度改革的几点方向和思路。
Since the reform of soybean target price system in Northeast China in 2014, the market price of soybean in our country has gradually returned to the market supply and demand adjustment, the market price mechanism is being effectively brought into play, the operating efficiency of the processing enterprises and the industry boom have picked up significantly, and the pilot work has achieved initial success. However, in the short term, the adjustment of price policy will still not be able to effectively stimulate the vitality of the domestic soybean market and resist the impact of imports. The decline in soybean planting income will have a negative impact on farmers’ enthusiasm for planting and further aggravate the imbalance in planting structure, resulting in the supply of structural excess and shortage The coexistence of the embarrassing situation, but also to pay a huge economic and ecological costs. Facts have proved that the current implementation of the target price of soybean policy in the process of implementing the program there is still room for further reform and improvement. Based on the analysis of the target price of soybeans in northeast China and the experience of foreign countries, this paper puts forward some directions and ideas for deepening the reform of China’s food price target system in view of the existing problems and policy risks in the policy practice.