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【目的】评估2个热带群体和7个温带群体的育种价值,并在这些群体之间寻找新的杂种优势模式,为利用这些种质提供有用的科学信息。【方法】采用9个群体的双列杂交设计,得到36个杂交组合;2002～2003年分别在河南省安阳和湖北省十堰进行田间鉴定,获取产量相关性状的试验数据,用混合线性(AD)模型和MINQUE(1)法(minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation,最小范数二阶无偏估算法)对各性状遗传力、遗传方差分量及其占总表型变异的比率、群体的加性遗传效应和显性遗传效应进行剖析。【结果】联合分析结果显示:各性状的大多数遗传效应值都达到显著(P≤0.05)或极显著水平(P≤0.01)。各遗传方差分量的效应对小区产量贡献大小是显性>显性与环境互作>加性与环境互作>加性;各性状狭义遗传力大小为穗行数>行粒数>穗长>出籽率>百粒重>小区产量,加性效应最好的4个群体是Suwan1(31.69)、Stay green c4(25.44),WBM C4(14.15)和中综4号(10.29);而显性效应比较好的4个组合为3×6(883.65)、1×3(572.20)、1×2(404.2376)和6×7(384.59)。【结论】在温带玉米育种中Suwan1和Stay green c4是最有利用价值的外来种质,它们都与BSSS C9构成杂种优势模式。在育种实践中,可以把Suwan1和Stay green c4杂交重组,并与BSSS C9构成一对温带和热带种质的杂种优势模式,可以进一步进行相互轮回选择。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to evaluate the breeding value of two tropical populations and seven temperate populations and find new patterns of heterosis among these populations to provide useful scientific information for the utilization of these germplasms. 【Method】 A total of 36 hybrid combinations were obtained by using the double crosses of 9 populations. Field trials were conducted in Anyang, Henan Province and Shiyan, Hubei Province from 2002 to 2003 respectively, and the experimental data of yield-related traits were obtained. Model and MINQUE (1) method (minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation) were used to analyze the heritability, genetic variances and total phenotypic variation of each trait, the additive genetic effect of population and Dominant genetic effects were analyzed. 【Result】 The results of joint analysis showed that most of the genetic effect traits of all traits reached significant (P≤0.05) or very significant level (P≤0.01). The contribution of each hereditary variance component to the yield of the community was dominant> dominant and environmental interactions> additive and environmental interactions> additive; the narrow heritability of each trait was the number of rows per ear> grain number> spike> Seed yield> 100-grain weight> The four populations with the best additive effect were Suwan1 (31.69), Stay green c4 (25.44), WBM C4 (14.15) and Zhongqu4 (10.29) The better combination of the four effects was 3 × 6 (883.65), 1 × 3 (572.20), 1 × 2 (404.2376) and 6 × 7 (384.59). 【Conclusion】 Suwan1 and Stay green c4 were the most valuable exotic germplasms in temperate maize breeding, all of which were in heterosis with BSSS C9. In breeding practice, Suwan1 and Stay green c4 hybrids can be recombined with BSSS C9 to form a pair of temperate and tropical germplasm heterosis patterns, which can be further reincarnation options.