目的:探讨输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾盏憩室内结石的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年5月复旦大学附属华山医院收治的56例肾盏憩室内结石患者的临床资料。男25例，女31例；平均年龄37.4(22～67)岁。憩室内结石位于肾上盏32例，中盏16例，下盏8例；左侧32例，右侧24例；结石单发10例，多发46例；结石直径平均11.5(3.0～17.5)mm。56例术前均有不同程度的患侧腰部疼痛症状和/或血尿，其中17例既往接受体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)治疗失败。56例中9例伴尿路感染。56例均行输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术，寻找到肾盏憩室后，应用钬激光将憩室颈口或憩室薄弱处切开、扩大，将憩室内结石碎成3mm以下的颗粒，较大的结石碎块使用取石网篮逐个取出，术后留置F6双J管。分析手术情况、术后并发症和结石清除率等。结果:56例均找到憩室内结石，其中找到憩室开口48例(85.7%)。53例顺利碎石，3例结石嵌顿于盏颈狭长的肾下盏憩室内，受输尿管软镜末端弯曲度限制，碎石失败。其中2例结石位于肾脏后组盏，改行经皮肾镜取石术；另1例结石位于肾脏前组盏，术后改行ESWL。17例既往行ESWL失败者中，16例(94.1%)顺利碎石。56例平均手术时间68.1(37～105)min；平均住院时间1.8(1～3)d。并发症发生率为15.1%(8/53)，均为轻度并发症(Clavien分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)，无肾盂或输尿管穿孔、明显出血等严重并发症发生。术后随访平均6.3(3～12)个月，术后结石清除率为83.0% (44/53)。7例残留结石≥4 mm，其中6例行二期输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术，另1例行ESWL和体外物理振动排石治疗。经二期治疗后结石清除率和症状缓解率分别为92.5%(49/53)和96.2%(51/53)，随访期内未见结石复发。结论:输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗肾盏憩室内结石，利用人体自然腔道，微创、安全，结石清除率和症状缓解率高，无严重并发症，是治疗肾盏憩室内结石可以选择的方法。“,”Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery(RIRS) with holmium laser lithotripsy in the management of calyceal diverticular calculi.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 56 patients with calyceal diverticular calculi admitted to Huashan Hospital of Fudan University from January 2017 to May 2020. The 56 cases included 25 males and 31 females. The average age was 37.4 (ranging 22-67) years. Calyceal diverticular stones were located in the upper pole of the kidney in 32 cases, middle pole in 16 case and lower pole in 8 cases, with 32 cases on the left side and 24 cases on the right side. Multiple stones occurred in 46 cases, and single stone in 10 cases. The mean diameter of stones was 11.5 (ranging 3.0-17.5)mm. All 56 patients had different degrees of lumbar pain and/or hematuria preoperatively. Among them, 17 patients received extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with failure. Moreover, 9 cases suffered with urinary infection. All 56 patients with calyceal diverticular calculi underwent retrograde flexible ureterorenoscopic Ho: YAG laser lithotripsy under general anesthesia. The flexible ureterorenoscope was advanced into the kidney through the ureteral access sheath, looking for the cervical orifice of calyceal diverticulum. After finding renal diverticulum, holmium laser was used to incise and expand the neck or weak part of the diverticulum. The diverticular calculi were fragmented into particles less than 3 mm. Larger fragments were removed through a nitinol stone basket one by one. A F6 D-J stent was indwelled. The intraoperative conditions, postoperative complication rate and stone free rate were statistically analyzed.Results:The calyceal diverticular calculi in all 56 patients were discovered, and the diverticulum orifice were identified in 48 patients(85.7%). 53 of them underwent calyceal diverticular calculi fragmentation successfully. Lithotripsy failed in 3 cases, as the calculi were incarcerated in the lower pole calyceal diverticulum with a long narrow neck and the limitation of flexure at the end of the flexible ureteroscope. Two of them underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy instead due to the calculi located in the posterior calyx. In another one case, ESWL was performed as the calculi located in the anterior calyx. Of the 17 cases received unsuccessful ESWL, RIRS was successful in 16 cases (94.1%). The mean operative time was 68.1(ranging 37-105)min, and mean hospitalization was 1.8 (ranging 1-3)d. The complication rate was 15.1%(8/53). All of these complications were mild (Clavien Ⅰ-Ⅱ). No serious complications such as perforation of the renal pelvis and ureter or major bleeding were occurred. After mean postoperative follow-up of 6.3(ranging 3-12) months, the stone-free rate was 83.0% (44/53) after the first procedure. 7 cases with residual stones ≥4mm received a second procedure. Among them, 6 cases received flexible ureterorenoscopy and the other one received ESWL and external physical vibration lithecbole therapy. The stone-free rate and symptom remission rate was 92.5% (49/53) and 96.2% (51/53) respectively after the second procedure, and no recurrence of calyceal diverticular calculi was observed during the stage of fllow-up.Conclusions:RIRS with holmium laser lithotripsy in the treatment of calyceal diverticular calculi, using the body\'s natural cavities, is a minimally invasive, safe and efficient strategy with slight complications. RIRS with holmium laser lithotripsy is an optional treatment for calyceal diverticular calculi.