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1964年首次发现了HLA抗原与疾病之间的关联,那时发现患有某种白血病的大多数小鼠均带有特殊的HLA抗原。1967年,在何杰金氏病患者中也发现类似关联。此后,发现有几十种主要疾病与HLA系统有关。这些疾病包括多发性脑脊髓硬化、肿瘤、消化道疾病、糖尿病、风湿性关节炎和变态反应。科学家们为这项发现所振奋。因为,到目前为止,医生们很少明白为什么有的人患了这类疾病,而另外的人则不患这类疾病。他们基本上不大知道这类疾病是怎样发展的,也不知道如何防止其恶化。HLA抗原与疾病的关联,指出这些疾病有了已知的遗传学基础。它意味着,医生们能开始理解这些疾病的病因及其发展。也有助于理解在疾病的发生上,环境因素和遗传因素各起多大作用。很显然,这对于予防和治疗许多疾病,无论在理论上还是在临床上,都具有重大意义。
The first connection between HLA antigens and the disease was first discovered in 1964, when most mice with certain leukemia were found to have a special HLA antigen. In 1967, a similar association was found in Hodgkin’s disease patients. Since then, dozens of major diseases have been found to be linked to the HLA system. These diseases include multiple sclerosis, tumors, gastrointestinal diseases, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and allergies. Scientists are excited about this discovery. Because, so far, doctors rarely understand why some people suffer from these diseases, while others are not suffering from these diseases. Basically, they do not know much about how such diseases develop, nor do they know how to prevent them from deteriorating. The association of HLA antigens with the disease states that these diseases have a known genetic basis. It means that doctors can begin to understand the etiology and development of these diseases. It also helps to understand how much environmental and genetic factors contribute to the onset of the disease. Obviously, this is of great significance both for prevention and for the treatment of many diseases, both theoretically and clinically.