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乡村工业普遍兴起,是工业革命前西欧的一个重大社会经济现象。严格说来,乡村手工业的发展古已有之。在自然经济条件下,家庭手工业是自给自足小农经济的重要成分。即使是工商业城市广泛兴起的中世纪西欧,家庭手工业仍在农奴经济和庄园经济中占有不可或缺的地位。本文所说的乡村工业涵义有不同,它是指商品经济条件下的乡村手工业,指在乡村从事的以交换为目的的手工业品生产。中世纪晚期以来西欧乡村工业的兴起及其作用,还未
The rise of rural industry in general was a major social and economic phenomenon in Western Europe before the industrial revolution. Strictly speaking, the development of rural handicrafts has always existed. Under the condition of natural economy, the family handicraft industry is an important component of the self-sufficiency small-scale peasant economy. Even in medieval West Europe, where industrial and commercial cities were widespread, household handicrafts still played an integral role in serfdom and manor economy. The meaning of the rural industry mentioned in this article is different. It refers to the rural handicrafts under the commodity economy. It refers to the production of handicrafts for the purpose of exchange in the rural areas. The Rise and Role of Rural Industry in Western Europe since the Middle Ages, Not Yet