论文部分内容阅读
1920年到1940年之间法国自然法学衰落的原因在于民族主义在法国的兴起。假定存在普世性理想法的自然法学和各群体特殊性和自主性的民族主义在理论上无法调和的主张。第一次世界大战之后,为了重建欧洲秩序、维护和平而签订的一系列条约强调了少数民族的自决权和民族—国家—主权的一体性,“民族”因而成了国际条约法体系中的核心概念。此时的国际法学正好处于实证主义确立支配地位的时点,学者倾向于被动地接受实证国际法为他们提供的词汇。经由国际法学,法学界整体开始使用这种强调民族的特殊性、而非普遍的人性的语言。与此同时,作为政治活动的民族主义也对法学产生重大冲击。“法兰西行动”在其间作用巨大。该组织与教廷的纠纷促使天主教法学家让学术立场服从政治需要,极右派在法学院学生中煽动的两次学潮也深刻影响了法学院的人事和教学。
The decline of French natural law from 1920 to 1940 was due to the rise of nationalism in France. It is hypothesized that there is a theoretically irreconcilable assertion of the universal jurisprudence of universal idealism and the particularity and autonomy of each group. After World War I, a series of treaties signed in order to rebuild the European order and safeguard peace emphasized the ethnic self-determination and the national-state-sovereignty integration. The “nationality” thus became a part of the international treaty law system The core concept. At this time, international jurisprudence is at a time when positivism dominates. Scholars tend to passively accept the vocabulary provided by empirical international law. Through international jurisprudence, the legal community as a whole has begun to use this language that emphasizes ethnic particularities rather than universal humanity. At the same time, nationalism as a political activity has also had a major impact on law. “French action ” in the meantime a huge role. The dispute between the organization and the Holy See led Catholic jurists to make academic positions subject to political needs. The two tide of instigation among law school students by far-right people also profoundly affected the personnel and teaching of law schools.