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目的了解重庆市涪陵区农村红层水源水质和介水性疾病现况,为保护水源、科学改水、防治疾病提供依据。方法对涪陵区内不同乡镇、不同年份修建的5 500口红层井水,分层随机抽取550份水样,对易污染的硝酸盐、锰、菌落总数、总大肠菌群4个指标进行检测,并按GB5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》的分散式供水要求进行评价。采用流行病学研究方法收集全区介水性疾病信息,分析其与水源水质情况的相关性。结果检测生活饮用水550份,硝酸盐、锰、菌落总数、总大肠菌群合格率分别为99.1%、89.6%、46.2%和2.36%。提示菌落总数、总大肠菌群是影响水质合格率的主要因素。菌落总数合格率在不同乡镇比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在不同年份比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);锰含量在不同乡镇不同年份比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关分析显示:肝炎、痢疾的发病率与菌落总数合格率呈负相关(r=-0.938,P<0.01;r=-0.961,P<0.01),伤寒和副伤寒与水质无显著关系。结论涪陵地区农村红层水源水质虽未受化学性污染,但菌落总数、总大肠菌群合格率偏低,应引起足够重视。水质情况对介水性疾病影响较大,加强和完善农村地区饮水水质监测体系、提高农民健康饮水的卫生技能和自我保护的意识,从而有效预防介水性疾病的发生。
Objective To understand the current situation of water quality and water-borne diseases of red beds in rural areas in Fuling, Chongqing, so as to provide basis for protecting water sources, scientifically changing water and preventing diseases. Methods A total of 550 water samples were collected from 5 500 lipstick wells of different towns and years built in Fuling district. Four samples of total amount of colony and nitrate, which were easily contaminated, were detected. And according to GB5749-2006 “drinking water health standards,” the decentralized water supply requirements for evaluation. Epidemiological research methods were used to collect information on water-borne diseases in the whole district and analyze their correlation with water quality. Results A total of 550 samples of drinking water were tested. The total amount of nitrate, manganese, colony and total coliform were 99.1%, 89.6%, 46.2% and 2.36%, respectively. Suggesting that the total number of colonies, the total coliform bacteria is the main factor affecting the passing rate of water quality. There was no significant difference in different years (P> 0.05). The differences of manganese content in different years between towns were statistically significant (P <0.05) Significance (P <0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the incidence of hepatitis and dysentery was negatively correlated with the passing rate of total colony (r = -0.938, P <0.01; r = -0.961, P <0.01). There was no significant correlation between typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever and water quality. Conclusion Although the water quality of rural red water in Fuling area is not affected by chemical pollution, the total number of colonies and the low total coliform probability should be paid enough attention. Water quality has a great impact on water-borne diseases, and the monitoring system of drinking water quality in rural areas is strengthened and perfected. The hygiene skills and awareness of self-protection of farmers’ health drinking water are improved so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of water-borne diseases.