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连续4年以德农09068为试材,设棉花秸秆还田与未还田2个处理,调查棉花秸秆还田对土壤0~60 cm土层的速效养分含量和微生物特性的影响。结果表明,连续4年棉花秸秆还田显著提高0~20 cm土层土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾含量、土壤微生物量碳、土壤活跃微生物量及土壤基础呼吸速率,分别比未还田处理提高8.16%、13.23%、12.30%、13.63%、11.57%和13.14%;在20~40 cm土层中,分别提高6.08%、27.51%、11.47%、14.32%、15.03%和17.44%;在40~60 cm土层中土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾含量、土壤微生物量碳及土壤活跃微生物量分别提高6.05%、12.87%、8.08%、10.60%和20.30%,但对土壤基础呼吸速率的提高效果不显著。棉花秸秆还田显著提高了棉花的籽棉、皮棉产量、总铃数及单铃重,分别提高16.86%、15.03%、5.99%和10.25%,而对衣分无显著影响。在长期棉花秸秆还田的棉田中,应关注可能产生的连作障碍,注意磷肥的适量施入,以保证实现棉花稳产高产。
For 4 consecutive years, Dehong09068 was used as experimental material, and cotton straw returning and non-returning two treatments were conducted to investigate the effects of cotton straw returning to soil available nutrients and microbial characteristics in 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer. The results showed that soil organic matter, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium, soil microbial biomass carbon, active microbial biomass and soil respiration rate in 0-20 cm soil layer increased significantly after 4 years’ Increased by 8.16%, 13.23%, 12.30%, 13.63%, 11.57% and 13.14%, respectively, and increased by 6.08%, 27.51%, 11.47%, 14.32%, 15.03% and 17.44% in 20-40 cm soil layer, Soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available potassium, soil microbial biomass carbon and soil active microbial biomass increased by 6.05%, 12.87%, 8.08%, 10.60% and 20.30% in ~ 60 cm soil layer, respectively. However, soil respiration rate Improve the effect is not significant. Cotton straw returning significantly increased cotton seed cotton, lint yield, total boll number and single boll weight, increased by 16.86%, 15.03%, 5.99% and 10.25% respectively, but had no significant effect on the lint percentage. In cotton fields with long-term cotton straw returning, attention should be paid to the possible continuous cropping obstacles, paying attention to the proper amount of phosphate fertilizer applied to ensure stable and high yield of cotton.