类比是一种思维形式,是由两个或两类思考对象在某些属性上的相同或相似,推出它们在另一属性上也相同或相似的一种推理方法.由于类比可以带着人们由已知结果猜测未知的结论,因此得到人们的重视和青睐.著名数学教育家波利亚指出“类比似乎在一切发现中有作用,而且在某些发现中它有极大的作用.”康德也认为“每当理智缺乏可靠论证的思路时,类比这个方法往往能指引我们前进”.类比的实质就是信息从模型向原型的转 Analogy is a way of thinking that is based on the sameness or similarity of two or two kinds of thinking objects in certain attributes and the deduction that they are also the same or similar in another attribute.As the analogy can take people from Known results guessing unknown conclusions, and therefore get people’s attention and favor of the famous mathematical educator Poli pointed out that “the analogy seems to play a role in all discoveries, and in some discoveries it has a tremendous role.” Kant also argues that “Analogies often lead us to move forward whenever the intellect lacks a reliable argument.” The essence of analogies is the transfer of information from a model to a prototype