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Lakoff提出隐喻不仅仅是语言修辞表达,而且是人类固有的思维方式。但对于隐喻的基础,各派语言学家意见不一,其中多数认为是相似性。Lakoff却提出,相似性是隐喻的结果,隐喻的基础在于和人类身体经验系统性的对应性。本文从语言哲学角度出发,认为隐喻和相似性两者是相互依存的辩证关系:一方面,隐喻尤其是概念隐喻基于人们对于自身和世界的体验,需要依靠相似性这个基础而存在;另一方面,隐喻也可以创造相似性,尤其是新奇隐喻。
Lakoff proposed that metaphor is not merely a rhetorical expression of language, but also an inherent human way of thinking. But for the foundation of metaphor, all linguists disagreed, most of whom considered similarities. Lakoff argues that similarity is the result of metaphor, which is based on the systematic correspondence with human experience. From the perspective of linguistic philosophy, this paper argues that the two are interdependent dialectical relations: on the one hand, metaphors, especially conceptual metaphors, depend on the basis of similarity for their experience of themselves and the world; on the other hand Metaphors can also create similarities, especially novelty metaphors.