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[目的]通过对2005～2007年重庆市霍乱流行病学特征及监测结果的分析,了解防制工作效果,为防制对策提供依据。[方法]用描述流行病学方法对重庆市2005～2007年霍乱疫情资料进行分布特征分析。每年5～10月选择渝中区和璧山县开展环境、水产品和腹泻病例监测,同时开展旧疫点监测。[结果]2005～2007年重庆市共报告霍乱病例37例,带菌者156例,病死率为6.25%(2/37),无二代病例发生,血清分型均为O139群。94.6%的病例由聚餐引起的,暴发疫情人群监测阳性率和环境阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=167.9,P﹤0.01)。从水产品或涂抺液中分离到霍乱弧菌12株,旧疫点,腹泻病例监测未发现阳性。诺氟沙星、环丙沙星敏感率为100%。[结论]聚餐为重庆市霍乱流行的主要方式,主要措施是控制农村聚餐海水产品的交叉污染和加强饮食、饮水卫生管理和霍乱防治知识宣传。
[Objective] Based on the analysis of epidemiological features and monitoring results of cholera in Chongqing from 2005 to 2007, it is necessary to understand the effect of prevention and control work and provide basis for prevention and control measures. [Methods] The epidemiological method was used to analyze the distribution characteristics of cholera epidemic data in Chongqing from 2005 to 2007. From May to October every year, Yuzhong District and Bishan County are selected to carry out environmental, aquatic products and diarrhea case surveillance and to carry out surveillance of old epidemic spots. [Results] A total of 37 cholera cases and 156 carriers were reported in Chongqing from 2005 to 2007. The case fatality rate was 6.25% (2/37). There were no cases of second generation and the serotypes were all O139. 94.6% of the cases were caused by the meal, and there was significant difference between the surveillance rate and the environmental positive rate in the outbreak population (χ2 = 167.9, P <0.01). 12 strains of Vibrio cholerae were isolated from aquatic products or coating liquid, and no detection of old epidemic spots and diarrhea cases was found. Norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin sensitivity was 100%. [Conclusion] The dinner was the main way of cholera epidemic in Chongqing. The main measures were to control the cross contamination of sea food products in rural areas and to strengthen the knowledge of diet, water sanitation management and cholera prevention and control.