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目的了解某蓄电池回收冶炼厂铅污染状况及其对厂内居住儿童血铅的影响。方法对某蓄电池回收冶炼厂进行职业卫生学调查,并自制调查表,对该厂内居住的35名儿童及其父母进行调查,对儿童进行血铅检查,同时对工作场所和儿童居住区空气中铅进行检测。结果该厂工作场所空气中铅尘和铅烟浓度分别为(0.217±0.135)mg/m3和(0.242±0.247)mg/m3,超标率分别为100.0%和87.5%,最大超标倍数分别为7.6倍和27.3倍。厂内儿童居住区空气中铅浓度(18±6)μg/m3,超标率100.0%,最大超标倍数22倍。厂内居住儿童血铅水平(271.64±106.78)μg/L,高铅血症、轻度铅中毒、中度铅中毒、重度铅中毒的检出率分别为20.0%,28.6%,45.7%,2.8%,男童和女童血铅水平、高铅血症及轻、中、重度铅中毒检出率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论该厂铅污染严重,职业卫生监督部门应加大执法力度,督促其整改;厂内居住儿童的血铅水平严重超标,应有针对性地采取积极的预防和控制措施。
Objective To understand the status of lead pollution in a smelter for smelting a battery and its effect on blood lead in the factory. Methods An occupational hygiene survey was conducted on a battery smelter. A questionnaire was made to investigate the 35 children residing in the factory and their parents. Blood lead was also inspected in children. Blood samples were taken from the workplace and children’s residential areas in the air Lead for testing. Results The concentration of lead dust and lead in the air at the workplace were (0.217 ± 0.135) mg / m3 and (0.242 ± 0.247) mg / m3, respectively. The over standard rates were 100.0% and 87.5%, respectively, and the maximum exceeded standard multiples were 7.6 times And 27.3 times. The concentration of lead (18 ± 6) μg / m3 in the air of the children’s residential area in the factory exceeded the standard rate by 100.0% and the maximum exceeded the standard multiple of 22 times. The detection rates of blood lead (271.64 ± 106.78) μg / L, high blood lead, mild lead poisoning, moderate lead poisoning and severe lead poisoning in factory children were 20.0%, 28.6%, 45.7%, 2.8 %. There was no significant difference in the level of blood lead, blood lead, and the detection rate of mild, moderate and severe lead poisoning between boys and girls (P> 0.05). Conclusion The factory is seriously polluted by lead, and the occupational health supervision department should step up its efforts in law enforcement and supervise its rectification. The level of blood lead in the children living in factories is seriously over-standard, and proactive preventive and control measures should be taken in a targeted manner.