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土质道路在三峡库区分布广泛,是库区泥沙重要来源地之一。在考虑道路的水沙效应基础上,结合野外调查和相关研究将三峡库区土质道路分为3级,Ⅰ级车流量大,主要为集镇之间的道路;Ⅱ级是Ⅰ级与大型村落间的道路;Ⅲ级多见于Ⅰ或Ⅱ级至农户的道路。为了有效评估其侵蚀风险、预测径流和侵蚀速率,以3级土质道路的人工降雨资料为基础,应用KINEROS2模型对土质道路的侵蚀过程进行了模拟。结果表明,径流量误差在3.6%~14.7%,侵蚀量的误差在4.5%~31.8%,对人为干扰相对较小的Ⅲ级道路模拟效果要好于Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级道路。土壤流失过程的模拟效果相对较差,初期明显低于实测值,而后期则高于实测值。
Soil road in the Three Gorges reservoir area is widely distributed, is an important source of sediment in the reservoir area. Based on the water and sediment effects of the road, combined with the field investigation and related research, the soil road in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is divided into three grades, the traffic volume of Grade I is large, mainly the road between the towns; Grade II is between Grade I and large villages Of the road; Ⅲ grade more common in Ⅰ or Ⅱ to the farmer’s road. In order to evaluate its erosion risk and predict the runoff and erosion rate effectively, based on the artificial rainfall data of Grade 3 soil, KINEROS2 model was used to simulate the erosion process of soil. The results show that the error of runoff is between 3.6% and 14.7% and the error of erosion is between 4.5% and 31.8%. The simulation results of Grade Ⅲ road with relatively little human disturbance are better than those of Grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ. The simulation of soil loss process is relatively poor, initially lower than the measured value, while the latter is higher than the measured value.