OBJECTIVE Numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) are deregulatedin human cancers. The experimental evidence supports thatmiRNAs plays a role in the initiation and progression of humanmalignancies.The present study was undertaken to evaluatethe differential expression of 6 miRNAs as biomarker for earlydetection of prostate cancer, and then to determine whether theexpression profiling of these miRNAs could predict the prognosisof prostate cancer.METHODS The expression profilings of these 6 miRNAs wereinvestigated using the method of locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified oligonucleotide in situ hybridization (ISH). And thetechnology of tissue microarray (TMA) was employed using theformalin-fixed, paraffin-embedd (FFPE) specimens taken from52 patients with prostate carcinoma (PCa) and 38 patients withbenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).RESULTS The rates of positive expression for 6 miRNAs (miR-15b, miR-16, let-7g, miR- 96,miR-182 and miR-183) were 26.92%,15.38%, 15.38%, 67.31%, 61.54% and 71.15% in the specimens ofprostate cancer, and 57.89%, 76.32%, 68.42%, 44.74%, 31.58%,47.37% in the tissues of benign prostatic hyperplasia, respectively.The expressions of all 6 miRNAs between the prostate cancer andbenign prostatic hyperplasia tissues were significantly different(P < 0.05). The positive rate of these 6 miRNAs was significantlyrelated to the Gleason Grading of prostate cancer (P < 0.01). Therewas no significant correlation between the expression of thesemiRNAs and age and the concentration of serum PSA of thepatient (P >0.05). We also found that the expression of miR-15b,miR-96 and miR-182 correlated with clinical stages of tumor (P <0.05). The expression of miR-96 correlated with lobus prostatae oftumor invasion (P < 0.01), but the expressions of the remaining fivemiRNAs were not correlated with that (P >0.05). In addition, theexpression of miR-15b was negatively related to that of miR-96,miR-182 and miR-183, respectively (P < 0.01, r < 0.00).There wasa positive correlation among the expressions of miR-96, miR-182and miR-183 in prostate cancer (P < 0.01, r >0.00). The expressionof miR-16 was positively related to that of miR-let-7g (P < 0.01, r >0.00).CONCLUSION The results suggest that miRNA expressionprofiling could have relevance to the biological and clinicalbehavior of prostate cancer,and they might be importantbiomarkers for early detection and prognostic assessment ofprostate cancer. OBJECTIVE Numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) are deregulated in human cancers. The experimental evidence supports that miRNAs plays a role in the initiation and progression of human malignancies. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the differential expression of 6 miRNAs as biomarker for early detection of prostate cancer, and then to determine whether theexpression profiling of these miRNAs could predict the prognosisof prostate cancer. METHODS The expression profilings of these 6 miRNAs were investigated using the method of locked nucleic acid (LNA) -modified oligonucleotide in situ hybridization (ISH). And thetechnology of tissue microarray (TMA ) were employed using the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedd (FFPE) specimens taken from 52 patients with prostate carcinoma (PCa) and 38 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) .RESULTS The rates of positive expression for 6 miRNAs (miR- 16, let-7g, miR-96, miR-182 and miR-183) were 26.92%, 15.38%, 15.38%, 67.31%, 61.54% and 71.15% in the s pecimens ofprostate cancer, and 57.89%, 76.32%, 68.42%, 44.74%, 31.58%, 47.37% in the tissues of benign prostatic hyperplasia, respectively. These expressions of all 6 miRNAs between the prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues were significantly different There was no significant correlation between the expression of these miRNAs and age and the concentration of serum PSA of thepatient (P> 0.05). The positive rate of these 6 miRNAs was significantlyrelated to the Gleason Grading of prostate cancer (P <0.01) ). We also found that the expression of miR-15b, miR-96 and miR-182 correlated with clinical stages of tumor (P <0.05). The expression of miR-96 correlated with lobus prostatae of tumor invasion miR-15b was negatively related to that of miR-96, miR-182 and miR-183, respectively (P & lt; 0.01), but the expressions of the remaining five miRNAs were not correlated with that r <0.00) .There wasa positive correlation among the expressions of miR-96, miR-182 and miR-183 in prostate cancer (P <0.01, r> 0.00). The expression of miR-16 was positively related to that of miR- let- ) .CONCLUSION The results suggest that miRNA expressionprofiling could have to the biological and clinicalbehavior of prostate cancer, and they might be importantbiomarkers for early detection and prognostic assessment ofprostate cancer.