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除细菌、蓝绿澡和哺乳动物成熟红细胞之外,所有真核细胞都有线粒体。线粒体主要由蛋白质、脂类和水组成。此外,线粒体还含有DNA、多种辅酶(如NAD+、FMN、FAD和CoM等)、维生素和各种无机离子。除植物细胞中叶绿体外,线粒体是真核细胞中惟一含有核外遗传物质的细胞器,线粒体自己的遗传系统能够表达和独立进行蛋白质翻译,
All eukaryotic cells have mitochondria except bacteria, blue-green bath and mammalian mature erythrocytes. Mitochondria mainly consist of proteins, lipids and water. In addition, mitochondria also contain DNA, coenzymes (such as NAD +, FMN, FAD and CoM, etc.), vitamins and various inorganic ions. In addition to the chloroplast in plant cells, mitochondria are the only organelles in eukaryotes that contain extranuclear genetic material that can be expressed and independently translated by the mitochondrial own genetic system,