机体对于生理性或非生理性的应激信号异常应答,往往是导致疾病发生的病因。肿瘤或心血管疾病的发生就是很好的例证。近年来许多研究指出,机体对外界应激信号的应答受microRNA调控,而异常的microRNA调控与上述疾病的发生有着密切联系。在此,我们概述了若干与应激信号调控相关的microRNA及其作用机制,阐述它们与肿瘤和心血管疾病发生的密切关系。 The body’s response to physiological or non-physiological stress signals is often the cause of the disease. Tumor or cardiovascular disease is a good example. In recent years, many studies have pointed out that the body’s response to external stress signals is regulated by microRNAs, and aberrant microRNA regulation is closely related to the above diseases. Here, we outline several microRNAs involved in the regulation of stress signaling and their mechanisms of action, and elucidate their close relationship to the development of cancer and cardiovascular diseases.