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制度与行动的关系是社会学制度研究的重要议题,社会学中的一般行动理论与实践行动理论分别构成了社会学早期制度研究和社会学新制度主义的微观社会学基础。社会学早期制度研究特别强调制度中的规范与价值观要素,制度通过个体人格系统对调节性规范或规则体系的内化来对行动发生作用,在制度与行动关系问题上行动者遵循的是“话语理性”。相反,社会学新制度主义将认知因素上升至核心地位,制度凭借制度环境中生成的合法性机制通过行动者的制度认知、意义建构对行动选择产生影响,在制度与行动的关系问题上行动者遵循的是“实践理性”。
The relationship between system and action is an important issue in the study of sociology. The general theory of action and the theory of practical action in sociology constitute the micro-sociological basis for the study of the early sociology and the new institutionalism of sociology, respectively. The study of early institution of sociology places special emphasis on the elements of norms and values in the system. The system acts on actions through the internalization of regulatory norms or rules through the system of individual personality. The actors that follow the relationship between system and action are: Discourse rational “. On the contrary, the new institutionalism of sociology raised the cognitive factor to the core position. The system relies on the legitimacy mechanism generated in the institutional environment through the institutional cognition of the actors and the construction of the meaning to influence the choice of actions. On the relationship between the system and the action The actors follow the ”practical reason."