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目的 :调查南京市学龄前儿童母亲育儿压力现状,并对其影响因素进行分析。方法 :采取分层随机整群抽样的方法于2011年5~6月抽取南京市主城区6家幼儿园3~6岁儿童共400名,通过自制的基本情况调查表及母亲育儿压力量表对其母的育儿压力现状及其影响因素进行调查分析。结果:不同年龄段儿童的母亲育儿压力值分别为:3岁组(82.86±13.55)分、4岁组(86.72±15.92)分、5岁组(82.50±12.88)分、6岁组(86.12±14.57)分、组间没有统计学差异(F=2.29,P=0.08)。不同性别儿童的母亲育儿压力值分别为:男孩(84.88±14.93)分,女孩(84.23±13.95)分,两组没有统计学差异(t=0.43,P=0.67)。在调查的33项有关母婴健康状况、育儿环境、母亲自身职业相关的因素中,母亲流产史(P=0.041)、目前健康状况(P=0.003)、住房面积(P=0.010)及近期工作量增减(P=0.022)与母亲育儿压力相关性具有统计学意义。结论:母亲生理及心理健康对其育儿压力的影响不容忽视,在关注儿童身心健康的同时,也要关注育儿母亲的身心健康,两者相辅相成,共同促进儿童全面健康成长。
Objective: To investigate the current situation of preschool children’s mothers’ parenting pressure in Nanjing and to analyze their influencing factors. Methods: A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to collect 400 children aged 3 ~ 6 years from 6 kindergartens in Nanjing’s main urban area from May to June 2011. Based on the self-made questionnaire of basic situation and the maternal parental stress scale The status of parental childcare pressure and its influencing factors were investigated and analyzed. Results: The values of mother’s childbearing pressure in children of different age groups were: 3 years old (82.86 ± 13.55), 4 years old (86.72 ± 15.92), 5 years old (82.50 ± 12.88), 6 years old (86.12 ± 14.57), there was no statistical difference between groups (F = 2.29, P = 0.08). Parental pressure values for mothers of different sexes were: boys (84.88 ± 14.93) and girls (84.23 ± 13.95), respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (t = 0.43, P = 0.67). Among the 33 surveyed maternal and child health conditions, parenting conditions and mothers’ own occupational factors, maternal miscarriage history (P = 0.041), current health status (P = 0.003), housing area (P = 0.010) and recent work The increase or decrease in volume (P = 0.022) correlated with maternal parental stress statistically significant. Conclusion: The impact of maternal physiology and mental health on parental stress should not be neglected. While paying attention to the physical and mental health of children, we must also pay attention to the physical and mental health of parenting children. The two work together to promote the overall healthy growth of children.