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本研究评价了5种树形对乔那金/M9苹果的树体生长、产量、果实品质的影响。5种树形包括:细长纺锤形,直立中央领导干形,综合锥形,低密度超纺锤形,高密度超纺锤形。4年生综合锥形和直立中央领导干树形的干截面积(TCA)比细长纺锤形、低密度超纺锤形和高密度超纺锤形大,综合锥形单株累计产量最高,但是因为干截面积比较大,累计产量效率却最低。高密度超纺锤形单株累积产量最低,每公顷的累积产量以低密度超纺锤形最高。结果前3年,高密度种植的果园表现出明显的产量优势,高密度超纺锤形每公顷的产量最高,第4年达到了91.24t/hm2。综合锥形产量最低,为33.36t/hm2,树形对平均果实横径、单果重、果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量的影响不明显。
This study evaluated the effects of five tree types on the tree growth, yield and fruit quality of Jonathan / M9 apples. The five tree types include: Slender spindle, stem-shaped central upright stem, synthetic conical, ultra-low-density spindle, high-density ultra-spindle. The TCA of the 4-year-old integrated conical and upright central leaders was larger than that of the slender spindle, low-density hyper-spindle and high-density spindle. The cumulative cone production was the highest, Cross-sectional area is relatively large, the cumulative output efficiency is the lowest. High-density ultra-spindle plant yield the lowest accumulation of cumulative yield per hectare low-density ultra-spindle the highest. Results In the first three years, high-density orchards showed obvious yield advantages. The yield per hectare for the high-density ultra-spindle was the highest, reaching 91.24t / hm2 in the fourth year. The lowest cone yield was 33.36t / hm2. The effect of tree shape on average fruit diameter, fruit weight, fruit firmness, soluble solids and titratable acidity was not obvious.