一、课堂教学优化设计的基础 教学方法的优化选择,首先依赖于指导思想的正确和教学观念的更新,这是最能发挥教师主动作用和创造性的领域。为此,必须建立在“三吃透”的基础上,吃透大纲、吃透教材、吃透学生。教师必须以新的教学观念为指导,深入钻研教材,明确目的、任务、重点、难点,了解学生的知识现状与认知心理,按照由浅入深、由表及里的规律,全面考虑,才能找到适合于本节课堂教学的最佳方案。 美国加利福尼亚大学心理学教授罗伯特,加涅博士根据对学习过程的分析,把学习过程分为八个阶段,这就是:引起动机、了解、获得、保持、回忆、概括、作业和反馈、这八个阶段分别以学习中发生的心理活动为依据。作为以审美为主线的美术课教学,不仅有一般学 First, the basis of the optimal design of classroom teaching Optimization of the choice of teaching methods, first of all depends on the correctness of the guiding ideology and the renewal of the teaching concept. This is the area that can best play the role of teachers and creativity. To this end, it must be established on the basis of the “three eats thoroughly”, and thoroughly understand the outline, thoroughly understand the teaching materials, and thoroughly understand the students. Teachers must be guided by new teaching concepts, study teaching materials in depth, clarify objectives, tasks, priorities, and difficulties. They must understand the students’ current knowledge and cognitive psychology. The best solution for classroom teaching in this section. According to the analysis of the learning process, Dr. Robert Gagne, Professor of Psychology at the University of California, USA, divided the learning process into eight phases: motivation, understanding, acquisition, retention, recall, generalization, homework, and feedback. The phases are based on the psychological activities that occur during learning. As an aesthetic-oriented art class teaching, not only general education