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表观遗传学研究已成为生物医学领域的研究热点.越来越多的关于人类疾病发生机制的研究表明,疾病的发生不仅受到遗传因素的影响,也受环境因素的影响,因此表观遗传学因素在各种疾病的发生和发展中发挥很大的作用,眼科疾病的发生也与表观遗传因素有关.迄今为止在表观基因组研究上所取得的进展进一步明确了表观遗传因子在生物发育、炎症、衰老、免疫、新生血管形成、肿瘤以及干细胞生物学等许多复杂的病理生理过程中所扮演的角色.眼科医师应该深入研究表观遗传学三大机制的研究进展及其在各类疾病,尤其是眼科疾病中起到的作用,跟踪近年来应用表观遗传学方法和手段在眼病治疗中取得的进展,明确目前表观遗传学研究发展中面临的主要挑战,关注表观遗传学在眼科研究领域的研究前景.“,”Epigenetics is a researching hot topic of worldwide now.Increasing evidence shows that the pathogenesis of human diseases is not only influenced by the abnormalities of genetic factors but also by epigenetic mechanisms.Recent technological advances in epigenomic profiling has led to further understanding of the role epigenetic factors played in development,inflammation,aging,immunity,angiogenesis,tumorigenesis,and stem cell biology.The researchers in ophthalmology should pay close attention to the current research of major epigenetic mechanisms and their involvement in human diseases,especially ocular diseases.Moreover,the potential application of epigenetic drugs in the treatment of common human diseases also should be understood.Finally,the challenges and future perspectives underlying epigenetic research are discussed in this editorial paper.