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中国林地产权问题是我国目前经济理论界研究的热点和重大理论问题。中国林地产权理论痼疾的破解对于我国经济理论的发展与创新具有重大的理论意义,对于我国林业经济的振兴和发展具有重大的应用价值。本文以产权契约方法和“制度生命周期理论”来研究我国国有林权改革。国有林权改革实质上就是国有林权契约的重新设计和实施。我们预见性地指出,目前国有林权改革存在一系列林权契约隐患,提出“林木采伐权”就是林业产权契约中起重要作用的剩余控制权。本文不赞成国有林实现完全私有化的观点,并进一步构建出国有生态公益林和商品林的分类产权契约模型,形成公共产权和私有产权的协调与合作,从而最大限度地消除目前国有林权契约的隐患,实现我国林业的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益的最大化。
The issue of forestland property rights in China is a hot topic and a major theoretical issue in the current economic theory circles in China. It is of great theoretical significance for the development and innovation of China’s economic theory to have a great application value to the revitalization and development of China’s forestry economy. This paper studies the reform of state-owned forest tenure in China with the method of property contract and “system life cycle theory ”. The reform of state-owned forest ownership is essentially the re-design and implementation of the state-owned forest tenure contract. We foresightly pointed out that at present there are a series of hidden rights of forest tenure contract in the state-owned forest tenure reform and proposed that the “logging right” is the residual control right which plays an important role in the forestry tenure contract. This paper does not support the view that state-owned forest can be completely privatized, and further builds a model of classified property rights contract between state-owned public ecological forests and commercial forests to form the coordination and cooperation between public property and private property so as to eliminate the current state-owned forest tenure contract Of the hidden dangers, to achieve China’s forestry ecological benefits, social benefits and maximize economic benefits.