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目前,以废钢为主原料的炼钢厂主要成本是废钢和合金。为了降低成本,炼钢厂增加低等级废钢使用量,但是这样会造成CO2的排放量增加,能耗增加,同时还会降低产量。由于废钢中的合金价格低于铁合金的价格,所以废钢中合金的利用情况决定了高合金钢的利润率。未来十年,CO2的排放成本将不断上升,原材料的成本很可能也将不断增加,这种情况下选择什么样的原材料更难抉择。对于不同的用途要选择不同的材料,比如根据欧盟建筑产品法规和生命周期评估标准的最新规定,建筑行业所用材料的CO2总排放量必须达到相当低的水平。如果可以准确测定废钢的成分,将来废钢中的合金就不一定比铁合金的价格便宜了,这是因为如果生铁和废钢中没有所炼钢种需要的合金成分,就需要添加铁合金,相比合金废钢,生产这些铁合金时产生CO2的量是合金废钢的5~20倍,这将改变废钢市场的现有模式。如果将来CO2的排放成本增加,如何优化废钢结构?如何实现不同原材料的使用价值?如何降低生产某个钢种的上下游企业在生产过程中的CO2排放总量?文章对此进行了讨论。使用原材料数据的均值和标准差,采用RAWMATMIXTM进行了能耗和CO2方面的计算。采用不同的废钢类型、发电资源及环境负荷的分配原则制定不同的方案,试验数据由瑞典钢铁企业和原材料供应商提供。试验结果表明,炼钢生产要尽量选用好的废钢结构,同时要考虑发电资源。
Currently, the main cost of scrap-based steel mills is scrap and alloy. In order to reduce costs, steel mills increase the use of low-grade scrap, but this will lead to increased CO2 emissions, increased energy consumption, while reducing production. Since the price of alloy in scrap is lower than the price of ferrous alloy, the utilization of alloy in scrap determines the profitability of high-alloy steel. In the next 10 years, the cost of CO2 emission will continue to rise, and the cost of raw materials is likely to increase continuously. In this case, it is harder to choose which raw materials to choose from. For different purposes, different materials are to be chosen. For example, according to the latest regulations of EU building products regulations and life cycle assessment standards, the total CO2 emissions of the materials used in the construction industry must reach a fairly low level. If the composition of the scrap can be accurately measured, the alloy in the scrap may not necessarily be cheaper than the ferroalloy in the future, because if the pig iron and the scrap do not have the alloy composition required for the steelmaking, they need to be added to the alloy scrap , The amount of CO2 produced in the production of these ferro-alloys is 5 to 20 times that of alloy scrap, which will change the existing mode of the scrap market. How to optimize the structure of scrap steel, how to optimize the use of different raw materials, and how to reduce the total amount of CO2 emissions in the production process of upstream and downstream enterprises that produce a certain type of steel? This article discusses this issue. Using the mean and standard deviation of raw material data, RAWMATMIXTM was used to calculate energy consumption and CO2. Different schemes have been developed using the principle of different types of scrap, generation resources and the allocation of environmental loads, with test data provided by Swedish steel companies and raw material suppliers. The test results show that the steelmaking production should try its best to choose a good scrap structure, taking into account the power generation resources.