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农作物秸秆是一种含碳、氮丰富的可再生生物质资源。我国大部分地区农作物秸秆仅作为燃材或就地焚烧,不仅严重污染环境,而且引起土壤微生物数量减少,减缓肥料转化速度,降低肥效。已有研究表明,秸秆还田后,可有效增加土壤有机质、活性有机碳、碱解氮含量,还对促进磷素循环有积极作用。因此,秸秆还田成为当今世界上普遍重视的一项农业耕作措施。笔者就近年来秸秆还田对土壤碳、氮、磷含量影响的研究进行总结,并分析目前秸秆还田技术存在的问题,提出进一步研究方向及发展前景,以期为该项技术的应用提供参考。
Crop straws are a source of renewable, biomass-rich carbon and nitrogen. In most parts of China, crop stalks are only used as fuel or incinerated on site, which not only seriously pollutes the environment but also reduces the amount of soil microorganisms, slows down fertilizer conversion and reduces fertilizer use. Studies have shown that straw can effectively increase soil organic matter, active organic carbon, alkaline hydrolysis of nitrogen content, but also to promote the phosphorus cycle has a positive effect. Therefore, returning straw to straw has become a widespread agricultural practice in the world today. The author summarizes the research on the effects of straw returning on the soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content in recent years, and analyzes the existing problems of the straw returning technology, puts forward further research directions and development prospects in order to provide reference for the application of the technology.