一、概述土不象弹性材料那样,在应力与应变之间具有明确的对应关系。土体只要经受过外力的作用,或多或少会留下一些痕迹,这种痕迹就反映了土体的应力历史。图1表示一种配制到液限状态土样的加荷和卸荷曲线。当荷载自零增加至p_0时,土样的状态自α变至c:然后卸载至零,土样的状态变为d。 I. Overview Soil does not have the definite correspondence between stress and strain as does elastic materials. As long as the soil has been subjected to external forces, it will leave more or less traces. This trace reflects the stress history of the soil. Figure 1 shows the loading and unloading curves of a soil sample formulated to liquid limit. As the load increases from zero to p_0, the state of the soil sample changes from α to c: then unloads to zero and the soil sample changes state to d.