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目的了解少数民族地区健康人群乙肝抗体水平及新生儿乙肝疫苗全程合格接种后的免疫效果,为制定乙肝免疫策略提供科学依据。方法采用随机整群抽样法选择湘西土家族苗族自治州40名新生儿、286名健康人群,采用ELISA双抗原一步夹心法检测乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)。结果在40名新生儿全程接种乙肝疫苗后,抗-HBs阳性率达100%;健康人群抗-HBs阳性率平均为64.34%,各年龄组间抗-HBs阳性率差异有统计学意义;在有免疫接种史的人群中,各年龄组抗体均值差异有统计学意义。结论在15岁以下人群中抗-HBs阳性率有随着年龄的增加其抗体含量下降的趋势;建议提高乙肝疫苗接种剂量,在完成乙肝疫苗全程免疫后3~5年加强一针;乙肝防控的工作重点要向15岁以上人群倾斜。
Objective To understand the effect of hepatitis B antibody in healthy population of ethnic minority areas and the immunization effect of newborn hepatitis B vaccine after full vaccination, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating hepatitis B immunization strategy. Methods A total of 40 newborns and 286 healthy people from Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture were selected by random cluster sampling method. HBsAg was detected by ELISA double-antigen sandwich ELISA. Results The positive rate of anti-HBs was 100% after 40 newborns were vaccinated with hepatitis B virus. The positive rate of anti-HBs in healthy population was 64.34% on average, and the positive rate of anti-HBs in all age groups was statistically significant. In the population with history of immunization, there was significant difference in antibody mean value among all age groups. Conclusions The positive rate of anti-HBs in the population below 15 years old tends to decrease with the increase of age. It is suggested to increase the dose of hepatitis B vaccine and to strengthen one dose 3 to 5 years after the whole course of hepatitis B vaccine is completed. The focus of work should be inclined to people over the age of 15.