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目的了解海南省非国有企业工作环境卫生质量,为政府部门决策和和企业控制职业病危害因素提供科学依据和参考价值。方法采用分层随机抽样方法对全省非国有企业进行职业病危害因素现场监测,并对监测结果进行统计分析。结果共抽取15个非国有企业,其工作场所监测合格率较高,监测的各类职业病危害因素中,噪声的监测点合格率、样品合格率及工种合格率均为最低,分别为54.63%、55.72%和60.14%。私营企业与外资企业监测点合格率、样品合格率和工种合格率3项指标之间的差异均无统计学意义(χ2=1.050、0.030、0.010,P均>0.05),私营企业与股份制企业、外资企业与股份制企业样品合格率之间的差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.397、10.427,P均<0.01),监测点合格率之间(χ2=0.562、0.003,P>0.05)、工种合格率之间(χ2=3.805、3.258,P>0.05)的差异均无统计学意义。结论为保护劳动者健康,企业在扩大再生产的同时,应当加大职业卫生的投入,配置必要的职业卫生防护设施,降低工作场所职业病危害因素的浓度(强度);职业卫生管理部门要加大执法力度和做好职业卫生宣教工作。
Objective To understand the quality of working environment and hygiene of non-state-owned enterprises in Hainan Province and to provide a scientific basis and reference value for government departments to make decisions and control the occupational hazards of enterprises. Methods Stratified random sampling method was used to carry out on-site monitoring of occupational hazards in non-state-owned enterprises across the province, and statistical analysis was made on the monitoring results. Results A total of 15 non-state-owned enterprises were selected and the qualified rate of workplace monitoring was high. Among the various types of occupational hazards monitored, the pass rate of noise monitoring points, the passing rate of samples and the passing rate of work were the lowest, 54.63% 55.72% and 60.14%. There was no significant difference among the three indicators (pass rate, sample pass rate and pass rate) between private enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises (χ2 = 1.050,0.030,0.010, P <0.05). Private enterprises, joint-stock enterprises, The qualified rate of foreign-funded enterprises and joint-stock enterprises was statistically significant (χ2 = 15.397,10.427, P <0.01), the passing rate of monitoring points (χ2 = 0.562,0.003, P> 0.05) (Χ2 = 3.805,3.258, P> 0.05) between the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion In order to protect the health of laborers, while expanding their reproduction, enterprises should increase investment in occupational health, allocate the necessary occupational health protection facilities and reduce the concentration (intensity) of occupational hazards in the workplace. The occupational health administrative departments should step up law enforcement Efforts and good job of health education mission.