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目的 :了解 1988～ 1992年我国主要高危高发先天畸形发生率的动态变化。方法 :采用全国出生缺陷监测网资料 ,对 1988～ 1992年全国 5 0 0所监测医院分娩的 32 46 40 8例围产儿和 32 36 2例先天畸形儿进行流行病学分析 ,计算主要高危高发先天畸形发生率。结果 :1988～ 1992年我国围产儿的无脑畸形、脑膨出、脑积水的发生率下降幅度最大 ,分别下降了 34 3 %、 48 5 %、 31 5 % ;其次为脊柱裂、总唇裂 ,分别下降了 9 5 %、 17 7%。而腭裂、肢体短缩畸形、直肠肛门畸形、腹裂的发生率无明显变化 ,呈一定的波动态势。城市和农村的主要高危高发先天畸形发生率的变化趋势基本一致。结论 :1988～ 1992年我国围产儿的神经管缺陷、脑积水的发生率有明显下降趋势 ,总唇裂发生率也有一定的下降趋势 ,而腭裂、肢体短缩畸形、直肠肛门畸形、腹裂的发生率无明显变化。
Objective : To understand the dynamic changes of the prevalence of high-risk congenital malformations in China from 1988 to 1992. METHODS: Epidemiological analysis was conducted on 32 46 408 perinatal infants and 32 326 congenital malformations delivered by 502 hospitals nationwide from 1988 to 1992, using the National Birth Defects Monitoring Network data to calculate the major high-risk congenital Malformation rate. Results: From 1988 to 1992, the incidence of anencephaly, encephalocele, and hydrocephalus in perinatal infants in China decreased the most, which was a decrease of 34 3%, 48.5%, 31.5%; followed by spina bifida, total cleft lip , dropped by 95% and 17% respectively. There was no significant change in the incidence of cleft palate, limb shortening deformity, rectal anal malformation, and abdominal cracks, showing a certain wave dynamics. The incidence of major high-risk congenital malformations in urban and rural areas is basically the same. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of neural tube defects and hydrocephalus in perinatal infants in China was significantly decreased from 1988 to 1992, and the incidence of total cleft lip also showed a declining trend. Cleft palate, limb shortening, anorectal malformation, and fissure were observed. There was no significant change in the incidence.