二、学习沈括善于观察思考的科学品质培养获取知识解决实际问题的能力地球磁场及其相关磁现象是现代电磁学教学的重要内容,地磁场已成为许多国家日夜不停的长期监测对象,除陆地外还包括海洋和太空中的观测,它有着广泛的应用:如多种矿物探测、地质结构探测、地磁定向和导航、太阳活动预报、对无线电通信和气候的影响。人们认识自然,总是从观察入手。“观”是用一切感观接受和体验信息;“察”就是考察、研究、思考。观察要有良好的科学品质和行为习惯,某些表面上微不足道的东西,却可能导致重要的科学发现。沈括在记述用天然磁石磨擦钢针可以指南时指出:“然常微偏东,不全南也。”这里是“常微偏东”而不是必微偏东。他在说到悬挂磁针时,也是说“针 Second, the study Shen Kuo is good at observing and thinking of scientific quality training to acquire knowledge to solve practical problems Earth’s magnetic field and its related magnetic phenomena is an important part of modern electromagnetism teaching, geomagnetic field has become a long-term monitoring object in many countries around the clock, in addition to land It also includes observations in the oceans and in space, which have a wide range of applications: such as multi-mineral exploration, geological structure detection, geomagnetic orientation and navigation, solar activity prediction, impact on radiocommunications and climate. People know nature and always start with observations. “View” is to use all senses to accept and experience information; “observation” is the study, research, thinking. Observing that there is good scientific quality and behavior, and some seemingly trivial things, can lead to important scientific discoveries. Shen Kuo in describing the use of natural magnets can be a guide to the steel needle pointed out: “Often slightly east, not the south.” Here is “slightly east-easterly,” not necessarily eastward. When it comes to hanging the needle, he also says "needle