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学界对北宋钱荒的研究往往认为,钱价低于铜价所造成的铜钱的熔化、外流和窖藏等是导致钱荒的主要原因。但若从北宋时宏观货币供求和微观经济运行来探讨北宋铜钱体系下的物价变动及货币供给问题,会发现单一铜铸币制度是北宋钱荒的根本原因。而技术落后导致铜钱铸造成本高,使得北宋政府自身货币供给能力有限,不能满足北宋社会日渐增长的货币需求,则是这一根本原因的具体表现。决策者们试图通过打破单一铜铸币制度,铸造铁钱、发行纸币和使用贵金属等方式解决货币供给不足问题,但效果有限。
The academic research on the money shortage in the Northern Song Dynasty often believes that the main reason for the money shortage is the melting, outflow and cellaring of the copper coins caused by the price of copper being lower than the price of copper. However, from the macro-monetary supply and demand during the Northern Song Dynasty and the micro-economic operation to explore the price changes and money supply under the Northern Song Dynasty copper coin system, we found that the single copper coinage system is the root cause of the Northern Song Dynasty money shortage. The backward technology led to the high cost of casting copper coins, making the Northern Song government own money supply capacity is limited, can not meet the growing needs of the Northern Song Dynasty currency demand, is the concrete manifestation of this fundamental reason. Policy makers are trying to solve the problem of insufficient money supply by breaking the single copper coinage system, casting iron money, issuing banknotes and using precious metals, but the effects are limited.