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花生是广泛种植于热带、亚热带和温带国家的一种主要的油料作物。由于花生荚果发育至成熟是在地下进行的,因此荚果紧密地与土壤真菌接触,很多种土壤真菌能从正常的荚果及种子上分离出来,其中含有黄曲霉菌(Aspergillus flavus Link.ex Fr.)这种真菌侵染在花生荚果、种子上遇到高温高湿等适宜条件,即可产生黄曲霉毒素(Aflatoxin)。这种毒素是一种极强的致癌物质,因此,筛选出抗黄曲霉菌及其毒素的花生品种是当今的主要课题。 世界上许多国家和地区很早以前就对花生黄曲霉毒素污染和抗黄曲霉菌及其毒素育种进行了研究,并且取得了很大进展,现将发展概况简述如下:
Peanuts are a major oilseed widely grown in tropical, subtropical and temperate countries. As the peanut pod develops to maturity underground, the pod is in close contact with soil fungi and many soil fungi can be isolated from normal pods and seeds, including Aspergillus flavus Link.ex Fr. This fungal infection in the peanut pod, seed meet the conditions of high temperature and humidity and other suitable conditions, can produce aflatoxin (Aflatoxin). This toxin is a very strong carcinogen, therefore, the screening of peanut varieties resistant to Aspergillus flavus and its toxins is a major issue today. In many countries and regions in the world, aflatoxin contamination of peanut and breeding of anti-Aspergillus flavus and its toxins have been studied long ago and great progress has been made. An overview of the development is as follows: