一、制冷工业化从1875年起,人们已懂得采用各种系统来制冷,在今后的百年中都采用了这些系统,包括1834年由Peltier发明的热电效应。但事实上,Peltier效应在20世纪中叶以前并没有得到应用。在我们所论述的这个时期里,1909年——1912年间E.A1tenkirch发表了二篇关于热电制冷的学术论文。当时,人们还不知道涡流效应(1931年Ranque发现了这一效应), Industrialization of Refrigeration Since 1875, it has been understood that various systems are used for cooling, and these systems have been adopted for centuries in the future, including the thermoelectric effect invented by Peltier in 1834. In fact, however, the Peltier effect was not applied until the middle of the 20th century. During this period of our discussion, E. Altenkirch published two academic papers on thermoelectric cooling between 1909 and 1912. At that time, people did not know the eddy effect (Ranque discovered this effect in 1931)