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科学研究活动从哪里开始?有人说,应从观察实验,搜集材料开始:有人说,应从学习前人已积累的知识,掌握理论开始;有人说,应该从发现和提出问题开始。为了评价这些说法的正确与否,我们还是先看看科学史上的若干事实。匈牙利出生的塞麦尔维斯为什么要对产褥热进行研究?因为,作为维也纳综合医院第一产科的一名医生,他非常不安地看到,在他这个科里分娩的妇女有相当一部分染上了称为产褥热的那种严重的,常常是致命的疾病。1844年,在第一产科分娩的3157
Some people say that you should start by observing experiments and collecting materials: Some people say that you should start by learning from what your predecessors have accumulated and mastering theories. Some people should start by discovering and asking questions. In order to evaluate whether these statements are correct or not, let us first take a look at some facts in the history of science. Why did Semaral, a Hungarian born, study the puerperal fever? Because, as a doctor in the first obstetrical department of the Vienna General Hospital, he was very disturbed to see that there was a considerable portion of the women who gave birth in his branch The serious, often fatal disease known as puerperal fever. In 1844, 3157 in the first obstetric delivery