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一 引言 能源是人类赖以生存的物质基础,目前利用的天然能源有:太阳能、风能、水能、海洋潮汐能、地热能、燃料(燃、石油、天然气等)化学能及原子核能等。但就目前科学技术水平而论,在消耗的天然能源中主要仍以燃、石油、天然气等常规能源为主。以1979年为例:世界天然能源的消耗量为87.55亿吨标准煤,其中石油及天然气占65.1％,煤占32％,水电及核电占2.9％。由此可见,煤、石油及天然气等燃料的消耗在能源供应中所占的地位。根据目前已探明的石油及煤的藏量估计,石油可开采30年,煤尚可开采200年。
I. INTRODUCTION Energy is the material basis for human survival. The natural energy sources currently used include: solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, ocean tide energy, geothermal energy, fuel (fuel, oil, natural gas, etc.) chemical energy and nuclear energy. However, as far as the current level of science and technology is concerned, most of the natural energy consumed is still dominated by conventional energy such as fuel, oil and natural gas. Take 1979 as an example: The world’s natural energy consumption is 8.855 billion tons of standard coal, of which oil and natural gas account for 65.1%, coal accounts for 32%, and hydropower and nuclear power account for 2.9%. This shows that the consumption of fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas accounts for the status of energy supply. According to the current estimated oil and coal reserves, oil can be mined for 30 years and coal can still be mined for 200 years.