表观遗传是指由环境因素通过改变基因转录而不改变DNA序列引起的表型的改变。表观遗传的一个主要分子学机制是DNA的富含CpG区域的碱基甲基化和去甲基化。甲基化通过抑制转录因子与DNA的结合或招募抑制因子,从而影响基因的转录,并产生可遗传的表型变化。很多因素均可引起DNA甲基化的改变,如年龄、生活方式、暴露于化学物质或使用药物等。科学家们逐渐意识到,DNA甲基化与药物的潜在副作 Epigenetic refers to the phenotypic changes caused by environmental factors by altering gene transcription without altering the DNA sequence. One of the major molecular mechanisms of epigenetics is base methylation and demethylation of CpG-rich regions of DNA. Methylation affects the transcription of the gene and produces a heritable phenotypic change by inhibiting the binding of the transcription factor to the DNA or recruiting inhibitory factors. Many factors can cause DNA methylation changes, such as age, lifestyle, exposure to chemicals or the use of drugs. Scientists are gradually realizing the potential side effects of DNA methylation and drugs