定向遗忘强调遗忘的有意性和指向性,通常有字表法和单字法两种研究方法。提取抑制理论和编码理论可以解释定向遗忘的发生,然而较多研究的结果表明,提取抑制理论可以较为全面的解释定向遗忘的发生。人们往往通过改变实验材料的情绪性、诱发被试的情绪状态或使用有某类情绪特征的被试来来考察情绪对定向遗忘的影响。以往的研究发现,情绪状态比情绪材料对定向遗忘的影响更大,情绪信息也可以被遗忘,但是会受到情绪强度的影响。未 Directional forgetting emphasizes the intentionality and directionality of forgetting. There are usually two methods of study: word list and single word. Suppression theory and coding theory can explain the occurrence of directed forgetting. However, the results of more studies show that extraction inhibition theory can explain the occurrence of directed forgetting more completely. People often study the influence of emotion on the forgetfulness of orientation by changing the emotion of the experimental material, inducing the emotional state of the tested person or using the subjects with certain emotional characteristics. Previous studies have found that emotional state has more influence on directional forgetting than emotional material, and emotional information can also be forgotten, but it will be affected by emotional intensity. not