考古学研究全面复原古代历史任务的提出,催生了植物考古和动物考古等科技手段在考古学研究中的应用的深入。植物考古就是利用植物学的方法研究考古遗址中出土的各类植物遗存资料,进而获得关于古代人类与植物关系的研究结果,深化考古学研究。自20世纪80年代末,以山东日照两城镇遗址发掘为契机的系统科学的植物考古研究在中国开始实施。两城镇遗址的植物考古研究有别于早期相关研究,主要特点表现在:①制 Archeology research fully restored the task of ancient history proposed, gave birth to plant archeology and animal archeology and other scientific and technological means in the study of the application of archeology in-depth. Archeology is the use of botanical methods to study archaeological sites unearthed in various types of plant genetic information, and then get on the ancient relationship between human and plant research results, deepen archaeological research. Since the late 1980s, systematic and scientific plant archaeological research, which took place at the ruins of two towns in Rizhao, Shandong province, has begun to be implemented in China. The archeological research on the ruins of the two towns is different from the early related research. The main features are as follows: